What technique in behavior therapy involves repeated exposure to a fear to help reduce anxiety?

The technique described in the question refers to systematic desensitization, which is a form of behavior therapy specifically aimed at reducing anxiety associated with phobias and other anxiety disorders through gradual exposure to the feared object or situation. Systematic desensitization employs a step-by-step process that typically combines relaxation techniques with exposure to the anxiety-provoking stimulus, beginning with less intimidating scenarios and gradually progressing to more fearful situations. This gradual approach allows individuals to develop coping mechanisms and reduce their anxiety response over time, ultimately leading to a decrease in their fear.

While exposure therapy as a whole also focuses on reducing fear through repeated exposure, systematic desensitization is particularly structured around the concept of pairing relaxation with exposure to ensure comfort and control during the process. Other techniques mentioned, like aversion therapy, aim to create an aversive reaction to unwanted behaviors, and progressive muscle relaxation focuses on tension reduction rather than directly addressing fears. Understanding the specific techniques and their applications within behavior therapy is foundational for practitioners in the mental health field.